Digital Exhibition / Online Archive Exhibition

西方镜头中的中国：1870s—1980sChina Through Other Lenses

当镜头看向中国，它看见的是中国，还是观看者自己？

A colored printed leaf from the Ten Bamboo Studio Manual.A flower and bird printed leaf from the Ten Bamboo Studio Manual.A landscape printed leaf from the Ten Bamboo Studio Manual.John Thomson portrait of a Manchu woman.John Thomson portrait of a Mandarin official.John Thomson portrait of a girl in Canton.John Thomson photograph of the Bund in Shanghai.
Curator's Statement / 策展人导言

谁拿着相机，谁拥有说明权？

这不是 Flashbak 中文版，也不是一组怀旧照片。展览从二次传播的视觉线索出发，尽量回到机构档案、摄影师项目、馆藏记录和公共领域资料。我们关心的不只是图像拍到了什么，还关心图像从哪里来、被谁命名、如何被允许流通，以及被拍摄者在档案里是否仍然有名字。

Exhibition Routes / 参观路线

选择一条进入展览的路径

15 min

15 分钟快速参观

适合第一次打开页面的人：先看摄影之前的图像复制，再进入清末湿版摄影，随后跳到何藩的香港光影，最后在 Reflection Room 停下。

Looking Question

如果只看四个房间，哪一个最能改变你对“观看中国”的理解？

20 min

香港影像路线

聚焦何藩、Greg Girard 和九龙城寨：香港在这里既是光影诗学，也是霓虹、密度、港口和外部观看共同构成的城市档案。

Looking Question

当城市被拍成美学或奇观时，日常生活被放在画面中的哪里？

12 min

海外华人路线

从旧金山唐人街、Limehouse 和“黄祸”想象出发，观察移民社区如何被摄影、报刊、小说和城市治理共同组织成可消费的陌生感。

Looking Question

这组图像让谁成为社区成员，又让谁成为被观看的类型？

18 min

图像技术路线

从《十竹斋书画谱》到湿版摄影，观察复制、底片、印刷、馆藏和数字目录如何决定图像能否远行、被引用和被再次观看。

Looking Question

技术是在保存图像，还是也在规定图像如何被理解？

Reflection Room / 谁拿着相机？

镜头不是一个透明孔洞

这间房间没有更多图像。它只留下一个问题：谁拿着相机？

当我们问“谁拿着相机”，并不是要把某位摄影师简单地放在审判席上。更重要的是看见一整套图像条件：旅行路线、出版市场、殖民城市、馆藏制度、技术门槛、版权边界，以及被拍摄者是否有机会回看、命名和保存自己的影像。

因此，本展把每一张图像都拆成两层：一层是画面，另一层是 source trail。画面让我们停下；来源路径让我们继续追问。照片中的沉默部分，和可见部分同样重要。

这张图像记录的不是全部现实，而是一次观看的条件。

Archive Table / 展品索引

可筛选展品表

年代地点作者主题来源版权状态
1633 first edition南京 / Nanjing胡正言等 / Hu Zhengyan and othersprinting, book, pre-photography, visual technologyThe Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1924Verified archive sourcePublic domain image record from The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
1633 first edition南京 / Nanjing胡正言等 / Hu Zhengyan and othersprinting, design, book, circulationThe Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1924Verified archive sourcePublic domain image record from The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
1633 first edition南京 / Nanjing胡正言等 / Hu Zhengyan and othersprinting, landscape, visual technology, archiveThe Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1924Verified archive sourcePublic domain image record from The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
1869ChinaJohn ThomsonJohn Thomson, Qing, portrait, ethnographic gazeWellcome CollectionVerified archive sourcePublic Domain Mark thumbnail served by Wellcome Collection.
1869Late Qing ChinaJohn ThomsonJohn Thomson, Qing, official, portraitWellcome CollectionVerified archive sourcePublic Domain Mark thumbnail served by Wellcome Collection.
1869Canton / GuangzhouJohn ThomsonJohn Thomson, Canton, child, portraitWellcome CollectionVerified archive sourcePublic Domain Mark thumbnail served by Wellcome Collection.
1871ShanghaiJohn ThomsonJohn Thomson, Shanghai, Bund, urban imageWellcome CollectionVerified archive sourceWellcome Collection thumbnail indicates CC BY 4.0 on the catalogue record.
1896-1906San Francisco ChinatownArnold GentheGenthe, Chinatown, migration, yellow perilGenthe photograph collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs DivisionVerified archive sourceLibrary of Congress: No known restrictions on publication.
1896-1906San Francisco ChinatownArnold GentheGenthe, Chinatown, family, streetGenthe photograph collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs DivisionVerified archive sourceLibrary of Congress: No known restrictions on publication.
1896-1906San Francisco ChinatownArnold GentheGenthe, Chinatown, street, diasporaGenthe photograph collection, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs DivisionVerified archive sourceLibrary of Congress: No known restrictions on publication.
1930sShanghaiFu Bingchang collection photographer not fully identifiedFu Bingchang, Republican China, Shanghai, diplomacyUniversity of Bristol, Historical Photographs of China, Fu Bingchang collectionVerified archive sourceVerified archive record. Image reuse should follow Historical Photographs of China re-use guidance.
c. 1930sChinaFu Bingchang collection photographer not fully identifiedcamera, Fu Bingchang, self-fashioning, elite networkUniversity of Bristol, Historical Photographs of China, Fu Bingchang collectionVerified archive sourceVerified archive record. Image reuse should follow Historical Photographs of China re-use guidance.
1940Northern Hot Springs, Chongqing regionFu Bingchang collection photographer not fully identifiedwomen, camera, Republican China, leisureUniversity of Bristol, Historical Photographs of China, Fu Bingchang collectionVerified archive sourceVerified archive record. Image reuse should follow Historical Photographs of China re-use guidance.
1940Northern Hot Springs, Chongqing regionFu Bingchang collection photographer not fully identifiedwomen, camera, Republican China, albumUniversity of Bristol, Historical Photographs of China, Fu Bingchang collectionVerified archive sourceVerified archive record. Image reuse should follow Historical Photographs of China re-use guidance.
1954Hong KongFan HoFan Ho, Hong Kong, street photography, lightM+ Collection; copyright Fan HoRights unclearMuseum collection record verified. Copyright remains with Fan Ho; linked only, image not copied. 本展仅将其作为摄影师项目或馆藏页面的外链线索展示，未默认视为公共领域素材；当前页面以来源说明和研究索引为主，不将其处理为可自由复用图片。
1962Hong KongFan HoFan Ho, Hong Kong, harbor, street photographyBlue Lotus Gallery / Fan Ho EstateRights unclearGallery/estate trail identified via Blue Lotus and Ocula. Direct reproduction rights are not granted here; linked only, image not copied. 本展仅将其作为摄影师项目或馆藏页面的外链线索展示，未默认视为公共领域素材；当前页面以来源说明和研究索引为主，不将其处理为可自由复用图片。
1959Hong KongToni FrissellHong Kong, 1950s, reference image, Library of CongressToni Frissell photograph collection, Library of CongressVerified archive sourceLibrary of Congress: No known restrictions on publication.
1974-1989Hong KongGreg GirardGreg Girard, Hong Kong, neon, nightGreg GirardRights unclearArtist project page verified. Direct reproduction rights are not granted here; linked only, image not copied. 本展仅将其作为摄影师项目或馆藏页面的外链线索展示，未默认视为公共领域素材；当前页面以来源说明和研究索引为主，不将其处理为可自由复用图片。
1980sKowloon Walled City, Hong KongGreg Girard and Ian LambotGreg Girard, Kowloon Walled City, urban density, Hong KongGreg Girard and Ian Lambot / City of DarknessRights unclearProject/publication site verified. Direct reproduction rights are not granted here; linked only, image not copied. 本展仅将其作为摄影师项目或馆藏页面的外链线索展示，未默认视为公共领域素材；当前页面以来源说明和研究索引为主，不将其处理为可自由复用图片。
1980Hong KongPaul Rudolph archive photographer not fully identifiedHong Kong, architecture, 1980, Library of CongressPaul Marvin Rudolph archive, Library of CongressVerified archive sourceLibrary of Congress: No known restrictions on publication, with Paul Rudolph rights advisory.
1959Hong KongToni FrissellHong Kong, magazine, color transparency, archiveToni Frissell photograph collection, Library of CongressVerified archive sourceLibrary of Congress: No known restrictions on publication.
1982ChinaSimon Nowicki1982, travel, opening, Simon NowickiSimon NowickiRights unclearPhotographer-hosted China 1982 trail and Flickr record identified. Flickr indicates all rights reserved; linked only, image not copied. 本展仅将其作为摄影师项目或馆藏页面的外链线索展示，未默认视为公共领域素材；当前页面以来源说明和研究索引为主，不将其处理为可自由复用图片。
1982ChinaSimon NowickiFlashbak, 1982, secondary source, research trailFlashbak, after Simon NowickiSecondary source onlySecondary source only; photographer-hosted China 1982 trail identified, but exact original mapping for every Flashbak image is not yet verified.
1982ChinaSimon Nowicki1982, travel route, reform era, photographic accessSimon NowickiRights unclearPhotographer-hosted China 1982 trail identified, with Flickr as image record path. Direct reproduction rights are not granted here; linked only, image not copied. 本展仅将其作为摄影师项目或馆藏页面的外链线索展示，未默认视为公共领域素材；当前页面以来源说明和研究索引为主，不将其处理为可自由复用图片。

Source Index / 来源索引

从视觉线索回到档案路径

Archive / Museum / Library

  • Wellcome Collection4 objects
    Type
    Archive / Museum / Library
    Use
    Gallery 01 中 John Thomson 清末中国湿版摄影展品的原始馆藏路径。
    Reliability
    机构目录稳定，部分条目提供 Public Domain Mark 或明确授权；仍需逐件阅读单页 rights 信息。

    伦敦 Wellcome Collection 的公开馆藏目录，保存 John Thomson 中国摄影相关底片、照片和条目记录。

  • University of Bristol / Historical Photographs of China4 objects
    Type
    Archive / Museum / Library
    Use
    Gallery 03 中傅秉常收藏、民国外交网络、女性与相机相关展品的来源路径。
    Reliability
    大学项目来源较稳定；图片再利用应遵循项目自己的 re-use guidance。

    布里斯托大学近代中国历史照片项目，整理多组中国近现代摄影收藏与相册资料。

  • Library of Congress6 objects
    Type
    Archive / Museum / Library
    Use
    Gallery 02 的旧金山唐人街影像，以及 Gallery 04-05 的香港参考图像。
    Reliability
    许多条目标注 no known restrictions，但仍保留具体馆藏页与权利提示，避免把目录说明简化为通用授权。

    美国国会图书馆的公开目录，包含 Arnold Genthe、Toni Frissell、Paul Rudolph 等摄影和档案条目。

  • The Metropolitan Museum of Art3 objects
    Type
    Archive / Museum / Library
    Use
    Gallery 00 中摄影之前的图像复制、书籍设计与版画技术展品。
    Reliability
    馆藏页和公共领域图像记录较清晰；仍以单件馆藏页为最终引用点。

    大都会艺术博物馆公开馆藏目录，提供《十竹斋书画谱》相关叶片的馆藏记录与图像。

  • M+ Collection1 objects
    Type
    Archive / Museum / Library
    Use
    Gallery 04 中《阴影逼近》的近源机构记录。
    Reliability
    馆藏记录可验证作品信息；版权仍属 Fan Ho，不能默认自由复用。

    M+ 公开馆藏页，提供何藩《阴影逼近》的作品级馆藏记录。

Photographer / Estate / Gallery

  • Blue Lotus Gallery / Fan Ho Estate1 objects
    Type
    Photographer / Estate / Gallery
    Use
    Gallery 04 中何藩香港街头摄影的摄影师/estate 线索。
    Reliability
    接近艺术家授权链条，但不是公共领域声明；本展只外链，不复制授权未清图像。

    何藩 Estate 相关画廊路径，用于确认作品、系列和授权线索。

  • Greg Girard1 objects
    Type
    Photographer / Estate / Gallery
    Use
    Gallery 05 中 HK:PM 与香港夜间城市影像的摄影师项目线索。
    Reliability
    摄影师官方来源可靠；未授予本展复制图像的权利，因此以外链和来源说明为主。

    摄影师 Greg Girard 官方项目网站，呈现香港、亚洲城市夜景、霓虹和港口城市摄影项目。

  • City of Darkness1 objects
    Type
    Photographer / Estate / Gallery
    Use
    Gallery 05 中九龙城寨项目的近源项目页。
    Reliability
    项目来源接近摄影师和出版链条；作品图像仍不视为公共领域素材。

    Greg Girard 与 Ian Lambot 九龙城寨项目和出版物的项目站点。

  • Simon Nowicki / China 19822 objects
    Type
    Photographer / Estate / Gallery
    Use
    Gallery 06 中 1982 年中国旅行影像的摄影师自存线索。
    Reliability
    比二次传播更接近摄影师来源；Flickr 记录显示 all rights reserved 时，本展只做外链。

    Simon Nowicki 自建 China 1982 页面，并可与 Flickr 图像记录互相校对。

Secondary visual trail

  • Flashbak1 objects
    Type
    Secondary visual trail
    Use
    Gallery 06 中 1982 年中国照片的网络再发现条目。
    Reliability
    只作为 secondary visual trail；必须继续回到摄影师、档案或馆藏页面核对。

    二次传播图文页面，用于发现视觉线索和选题方向。

Further reading

  • Public Domain Review0 objects
    Type
    Further reading
    Use
    为 Gallery 00 的图像复制、公共领域和视觉技术史提供进一步阅读方向。
    Reliability
    适合作为研究导读，不替代具体馆藏页、单件作品页或权利说明。

    公共领域视觉文化研究入口，适合作为老书、图像技术史和视觉文化阅读线索。